Why 'X' is unknown?

It is a question that we've all asked. The question is, why is it that the letter X represents the unknown? Now we know that it was learnt by us in our math class, but now it's everywhere in the culture -- The X prize, the X-Files, Project X, Mr. X. Where'd that come from?

Well the answer lies in Arabic language which turns out to be a supremely logical language. To write a word or a phrase or a sentence in Arabic is like crafting an equation, because every part is extremely precise and carries a lot of information. Algebra was born in the Middle East, during the Golden Age of medieval Islamic civilization (750 to 1258 AD), and its early form can be seen in the work of Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi and his 9th century book, Kitab al-jabr wal-muqabala (al-jabr later morphing into algebra in English). During this heyday, Muslim rule and culture had expanded onto the Iberian Peninsula, where the Moors encouraged scholarship in the sciences and math. That’s one of the reasons so much of what we've come to think of as Western science and mathematics and engineering was really worked out in the first few centuries of the Common Era by the Persians and the Arabs and the Turks.

The Arabic texts containing this mathematical wisdom finally made their way to Europe -- which is to say Spain -- in the 11th and 12th centuries. And when they arrived there was tremendous interest in translating this wisdom into a European language.

 But there were problems. One problem was that there were some sounds in Arabic that just don't make it through a European voice box without lots of practice. Also, those very sounds tend not to be represented by the characters that were available in European languages.  Here's one of the culprits. Letter ‘sheen’ is one of the letter in ‘Arabic’. And it makes the sound we think of as-"sh." It's also the very first letter of the word ‘shalan’, which means "something" just like the English word "something"- some undefined and an unknown thing. ‘al-shalan’ is the Arabic word which means ‘the unknown thing’. And this word can be seen frequently used in the 'Derivation of Roots'. (see the fig.

The problem for the Medieval Spanish scholars who were tasked with translating this material was that the letter ‘sheen’ and the word ‘shalan’ couldn’t be rendered into Spanish because Spanish didn’t had that "sh" sound. So by convention, they created a rule in which they borrowed “ck" sound, from the classical Greek in the form of the letter Chi (lowercase).

 Later when this material was translated into a common European language, which is to say Latin, they simply replaced the Greek ‘chi letter’ with the Latin X. And once that happened, once this material was in Latin, it formed the basis for mathematics textbooks for almost 600 years.

But now we have the answer to our question. Why it that X is the unknown? X is the unknown because we can't say "sh" in Spanish. Well that was a little a bit amusing too.

References:  

1.      TED Talk by Terry Moore

2.      Web: http://todayifoundout.com/

                         

                                                          

When silence too deserted me

I was tired and my head was hurting enough. The day had gone and the stars were on. My very close friend shadow had too abandoned me. I was alone there and there was darkness just in the form I had demanded and I wanted. As iron carbon phase diagram tells us. It’s certain amount of carbon that transforms an iron in to strong steel. You go beyond that limit and you will find iron again.

I had no many friends. I had a large friend circle. But the only thing it needed was friends in those circles.

‘Life ain’t sunshine and rainbows pal.’

We were two but I wanted to make it three. I wanted silence to accompany me. I persuaded him. And while I was in middle of my persuasion I had a brief talk with my heart.

Heart: Do you think he will come?

Me: Yes he will.

Heart: I thought he turned you down.

Me: He said yes. He just didn’t let me know it.

And he came. We were having a great combo together. Me, silence and perfect amount of darkness. My coconut was no more hurting. It was good to be investing my time in them. Those turbulence in my heart had stopped. My adrenaline had normalized. But then there were some developments occurred.

Silence deserted me. He didn’t said anything and didn’t negotiated. He was like binary. Either 0 or 1. There is no place for stuffs like 0.5 or 0.9. There wasn’t any scope of negotiation.

He made a mockery out of my helplessness. Yes I was helpless. I just wanted peace in my mind. My shadow had returned to me but silence had made a firm resolution. He again made a mockery out of me. And I cursed him to face its fate worse than death.

A prophet’s poetry

He claimed to have met Him. He seemed to be pretty sure enough and he had no any doubts regarding that. We were not used of such kind of stuff. But he confessed that he had talked. He had become a prophet and his prophecy had taken up the shape of poetry. His words used to soothe my agitation. His words seemed to be more compatible with my soul. Finally I had met a person who was a poet as well as a prophet. A perfect amalgam indeed! A rare gem was staying with us and every second of his company was a privilege for me. Anger, jealousy had deserted him. He had lost the basic traits of being a human being. He was no more a human. He was like a demi god. Silence used to adore his facial expression and calmness used to do the touch-up.

After many years of living in this civilized world he gave a thought of deserting his body. He was thinking of travelling to heavenly abode.

‘Everybody wants to make it to heaven son, but no one wants to die.’

Death is the ultimate truth of our life. His pure souls had left his body. He had embraced his death. There was silence left out there and he was laughing out loud. His was making a mockery out of the incident. But I was not confirmed about the subject. He didn’t understood that world will never be blessed enough to hear a poem from a prophet rather than a poet. He had left and so a part of the prophet, his prophecy and his poem had left.